Page 3 - hypertension_newsletter3

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Hypertension Global Newsletter #3
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more common CV risk factors in females than in males, while visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemiaHy,pe

smoking, obstructive sleep apnea, albuminuria, and gout are more common CV risk factors associated with males. Environmental

risk factors, such as air pollution and noise (e.g., aircraft and traffic noise), have also been demonstrated to have sex-related

differences, although they have been little studied.

Sex differences in conventional CV risk factors and Sex Differences in Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage
comorbidities in hypertension (HMOD)
HMOD, like hypertensive heart disease and arterial dysfunction,
Factor Females Males show sex-specific incidence, threshold values, and treatment
Age ++ + success, and may develop despite treatment. Current guidelines
Obesity ++ + therefore recommend sex-specific threshold values for optimal
Visceral obesity + ++ detection of hypertensive heart disease by echocardiography.
Hypertensive LVH and LA dilation are more prevalent in
Metabolic syndrome + (++ after menopause) ++ females. LVH and arterial stiffness are less modifiable by
Type 2 diabetes + +(+) antihypertensive treatment in females
Dyslipidaemia + ++
Smoking + ++ Sex Differences in BP Association with CVD
Obstructive sleep apnea + ++ Sex differences both in micro- and macrovascular structure and
Autoimmune disorders function have been documented in the literature. Females with
Reduced eGFR +++ + hypertension more often develop atrial fibrillation and HFpEF,
Albuminuria ++ + while males more often develop AMI and HFrEF. In addition, CV
Gout + ++ risk increases at a lower BP level in females than in males.
+ +++

+Common; ++more common; +++ much more common vs. other sex

Sex differences in development of arterial dysfunction and related complications

Sex Differences in the Effect of Antihypertensive Treatment
Sex differences in efficacy and adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs are well-described in the literature. In general, males treated
for hypertension achieve better BP control than females.

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